"For SMEs and micro-enterprises, which make up a large majority of the Swiss economic fabric, the transition is no longer a mere environmental option, but a strategic necessity to ensure our prosperity," says Christophe Barman, national co-president of the FSE.
"If we want to succeed in the energy transition, we must also accept financing it. That requires clear and reliable rules capable of guaranteeing sufficient incentives for investment," explains Michael Frank, director of AES.
Responding to a recent survey conducted by Comparis on Swiss real estate, Sascha Nick, a researcher at EPFL's Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Economics, says that "Switzerland is not suffering from a housing shortage."
The difficult combination between Biodiversity and the rise of renewable energies
Switzerland's greatest challenge will be to succeed in combining these three societal objectives: climate action, energy security and ecological integrity.
Developing renewable energy while preserving biodiversity is a fundamental challenge at a time when Switzerland is embarking on the construction of alpine solar parks. Between June 2023 and September 2024, supported by the Center for Climate Impact and Action of UNIL & EPFL (CLIMACT), a group of researchers, including experts in climate, renewable energy and biodiversity, set out to review all the scientific literature published on these topics. Their goal was to determine how to combine these three key societal objectives: climate action, energy security and ecological integrity.
If some still doubt it, the experts remind us that Switzerland’s biodiversity is in danger. The country’s exceptional diversity of ecosystems and species is insufficiently protected and increasingly threatened. The causes of the problem are known: industrial agriculture, urban sprawl and road construction (fragmentation, soil sealing). In fragile alpine areas, transport and construction activities are also causing increasingly significant damage.
2️⃣
The other element, put into perspective in this report, concerns renewable energy. The authors remind us that large-scale deployment of renewable energy (RE) will be necessary to progressively eliminate fossil fuels and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050. “One of the main challenges is to fill the winter energy gap, which could best be achieved through photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy in the Alps, complementing existing hydropower and PV in the lowlands, on infrastructure and intensively used spaces.”
3️⃣
This brings us to the main problem: how to combine the development of renewable energy without too many harmful consequences for biodiversity? Indeed, one does not go without the other. Healthy biodiversity and intact ecosystems help regulate our climate, mitigate climate change and provide a wide range of other ecosystem services.
Among the recommendations proposed in the report, one stands out: a coordinated approach at cantonal, national and international levels. “Democracy, participation and oversight procedures are essential for the legitimacy of the implementation measures for RE expansion in Switzerland. These procedures must be strengthened and not bypassed in the name of urgency. Nevertheless, approval procedures must be significantly streamlined and accelerated.”
5️⃣
At the local level, the experts consider it essential “to involve communities to succeed in energy transitions and biodiversity protection”. At the national level, they call in particular for a reassessment of the minimum size of nationally important projects in order to allow the inclusion of smaller projects on less critical sites. This includes, for example, carefully selecting sites accessible without new roads, ideally using already degraded sites and excluding areas important for biodiversity.
In conclusion, CLIMACT experts believe that it will not be enough to minimize the impacts of new sources of sustainable energy, but that it will also be necessary to reduce the harmful effects of existing human activities and infrastructure. “This implies stopping and reversing the most damaging activities, and undertaking ecological restoration in order to achieve a net gain for biodiversity and thus mitigate climate change.”
"For SMEs and micro-enterprises, which make up a large majority of the Swiss economic fabric, the transition is no longer a mere environmental option, but a strategic necessity to ensure our prosperity," says Christophe Barman, national co-president of the FSE.
"If we want to succeed in the energy transition, we must also accept financing it. That requires clear and reliable rules capable of guaranteeing sufficient incentives for investment," explains Michael Frank, director of AES.
Responding to a recent survey conducted by Comparis on Swiss real estate, Sascha Nick, a researcher at EPFL's Laboratory of Environmental and Urban Economics, says that "Switzerland is not suffering from a housing shortage."
"Launched for reasons that are more electoral than ecological, the call for a climate fund that would absorb between 5 and 10 billion francs each year appears unnecessary, absurd, costly, centralizing and poorly conceived," says Pierre-Gabriel Bieri, policy manager at the Centre Patronal.